The Fall of The Roman Empire

The Spread of Christianity

Roman Society

The Roman Empire

Test Review

The Roman Republic

The Spread of Helenistic Culture

Alexander Visual Timeline

Absent yesterday

I was absent and missed class yesterday, I am doing what I did in my human geo class where if we were absent, we just write that on our blogs for the day, or we right it the day after when were feeling better and capable too.

The Greek City States

Lo1:Define Polis, acropolis, Demas, monarchy, oligarchy, aristocracy, tyranny

Term	Definition
Polis	a city state in ancient Greece, especially as considered in its ideal form for philosophical purposes.
Acropolis	fortified part of an ancient Greek city, typically built on a hill
Demas	One who is the follower of the goddess Demeter
Monarchy	a form of government with a monarch at the head
Oligarchy	a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution
aristocracy	the highest class in certain societies, especially those holding hereditary titles or offices
tyranny	cruel and oppressive government or rule

Lo2:Compare different models of gov, used in ancient greece
Monarchy's are lead by either a king or a queen, making sure that it is only one person that is ruling that type of government. Oligarchy is a group of usually a few people that are leading the people in that type of government. The democracy type of government, has the people decide their rulers all done by the public so almost everyone has a say in who leads them.
Lo3:Compare lifestyles in the two main city states
Athens was renowned as a center of wisdom and learning. The people of Athens were interested in arts, music, and intellectual pursuits. Sparta, on the other hand, was recognized for its military strength

Warring City States

Reading Guide:

Question	Answer
How did Sparta treat the Messenians	After Sparta invaded them and conquered their area of land, they made them into their peasants and were forced to stay on the land they worked.
What type of society did Sparta create in response to the revolt	They made their government have several branches in order to have more people ruling them.
How did Athenians avoid major political upheavals	enacting a system of direct democracy, in which every eligible voter could have a say in the affairs of the state
What economic and political reforms did solon initiate	He actually started the idea of harmonic government where people were freed from debts and slavery. He changed the total character and outlook of citizenship.
What steps did Cleisthenes take to create a limited democracy in Athens	He introduced reforms that balanced the power of the rich and poor. He allowed all citizens to submit laws for passage and debate that increased the power of assembly.
What advantages did the Greek soldiers have over the Persians	The Greeks had armor and better weapons that were then able to make their survival easier. They were sometimes able to take gunshot because of the armor that the Persians didn’t have.
What were the consequences of the Persian Wars	The ultimate consequences of the Persian War were the downfalls of both Greece and Persia

Part 1

Term	Definition
Polis	a city state in ancient Greece, especially as considered in its ideal form for philosophical purposes.
Acropolis	fortified part of an ancient Greek city, typically built on a hill
Demas	One who is the follower of the goddess Demeter
Helot	a member of a class of serfs in ancient Sparta, intermediate in status between slaves and citizens
Monarchy	a form of government with a monarch at the head
Persian wars	the wars fought between Greece and Persia in the 5th century bc, in which the Persians sought to extend their rule over the Greek world
Oligarchy	a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution
aristocracy	the highest class in certain societies, especially those holding hereditary titles or offices
tyranny	cruel and oppressive government or rule

Part 2
I think that the Persian War was very important because of the fact that it lead to the downfall of many different society's and civilizations. This also took many of the lives of people during the war as this was one of the biggest and most important wars fought back during this time.
Part 3
They differ because an oligarchy has just a few people leading them, and that means that they just need more than one person leading them at the same time. An aristocracy had many people leading them at the same time, so this means more like 5-10 people or so making it many more than an oligarchy.
Part 4
They were both very important leaders back in that time, and they were the main people that would either give orders during a war and play many other important roles, allowing their groups of people to be successful and defeat other society's
Part 5
Athens was able to take control over the money taken from all Greek city states in the Delian league, money to protect Greece from the Persian invasions. Pericles used part of this accumulated money to build the Parthenon beginning the golden age of Athens.Also by beating the Persians brought Athens great respect throughout the region

VIDEO GUIDE

The Greeks: Crucible of Civilization

Directions: Answer the following questions based on the movie. The questions are listed in the order they appear in the film. IMPORTANT: The Crucible of Civilization is a two part film. This is part 1 and you will also watch part 2 of the film to get a more complete story of the rise and fall of the ancient Greeks.

1. What was the situation in Athens in 508 BC? 

time of great revolution, in which the democratic ideals of the nation were being solidified, with practices like ostracism helped ensure that there were fewer threats to the liberty of the polis.

2.                  What class did Cleisthenes come from and what kind of power did this group exercise over Athenians? 

Cleisthenes successfully allied himself with the popular Assembly against the nobles (508) and imposed democratic reform. Perhaps his most important innovation was the basing of individual political responsibility on citizenship of a place rather than on membership in a clan.

3.                  How did Aristotle describe life for most Athenians in the 6^th century BC? 

It was similar to many other social statuses as when you were really young, you would help out at home and not really work anywhere else. Then when they reached the age of around 6 or 7, the kids would start going to school and play with toys like us humans do to.

4.                  Where were the great civilizations in Cleisthenes day and how was Greece geographically different than these? 

They both had mountains and were very confusing in the way you had to get around as there was mountains blocking certain paths. But Greece seemed to be a little more mountainous and they were also along coastlines making trade over water easier and more successful for them.

5.                  What Greek city seemed the most likely to dominate all others politically during Cleisthenes lifetime? 

Sparta because the way Sparta had developed they seemed to always be ready for war, and were willing to physically fight for what they wanted at the time. Their weapons and war tactics were more advanced than most other cities therefor making them a strong and tough opponent to defeat.

6.                  What specific stories inspired Cleisthenes and his fellow Greeks? 

7.                  Describe Arete, the Greek ideal or vision of a hero. 

it basically means excellence in any type or maybe one of their poral heroes accomplishing something that is very tough or challenging to do and can really help them succeed in what they are working on.

8.                  What surprising political move did the ruler Pisistratus make in order to consolidate power in Athens? 

He slashed himself during a war to show that the enemies had shot and hit him, that way people voted for him to have body guards around him making sure that he doesnt get hit again, this shows that he has power being protected by others.

9.                  What was Athens' most valuable trading commodity? 

10.              What Athenian product that was almost worthless at the time now commonly fetches millions of dollars on the Antiquities market? What were the artisans who made these products main motivation in doing such good work? 

11.              How was Hippias a different ruler than his father Pisistratus? What did he do to his father's reforms? 

12.              What did Cleisthenes do in 510 BC? How was Greek society in Athens changing at this time? 

13.              How had the Olympics changed from their founding to the days of Cleisthenes and how did this festival influence ordinary Greeks? 

14.              Who did Isagoras turn to in 508 BC to help him overthrow Cleisthenes? 

15.              What happened in Athens while Cleisthenes was in exile? What did this do for Cleisthenes? 

1. What did Cleisthenes carve out from the hillside that was near the Acropolis and why did he do this? What was this the beginning of?

The Greeks: The First European Civilization

Lo1:To Identify the Greeks as the first European Civilization
Ancient Greek civilization, the period following Mycenaean civilization, which ended about 1200 BCE, to the death of Alexander the Great, in 323 BCE It was a period of political, philosophical, artistic, and scientific achievements that formed a legacy with unparalleled influence on Western civilization.
Lo2:Define the 3 periods of Greek history
-In the Archaic Period there were vast changes in Greek language, society, art, architecture, and politics. These changes occurred due to the increasing population of Greece and its increasing amount trade, which in turn led to colonization and a new age of intellectual ideas, the most important of which (at least to the modern Western World) was Democracy. This would then fuel, in a rather circular way, more cultural changes
-Between 480 and until 323 BCE Athens and Sparta dominated the Hellenic world with their cultural and military achievements. These two cities, with the involvement of the other Hellenic states, rose to power through alliances, reforms, and a series of victories against the invading Persian armies. They eventually resolved their rivalry in a long, and particularly nasty war that concluded with the demise of Athens first, Sparta second, and the emergence of Macedonia as the dominant power of Greece. Other city-states like Miletus, Thebes, Corinth, and Syracuse among many others played a major role in the cultural achievements of Classical Greece. Many City-States
-The Hellenistic period covers the period of Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year.
Cultures of the Mountain plus the sea Part One

Geographic Characteristic or Historical Event	Influence on history and culture
Location “around” a sea	They didn’t have to travel more than 85 miles to reach a coastline. Certain Sea’s such as the Aegean Sea, Ionian sea, and the Black sea were very important transportations for the Greek’s. The seaways linked mostly linked the parts of Greece. They were able to travel faster over water to then trade with others since they were lacking resources.
Rugged Mountains	There were many mountains that divided land into many different regions. This helped influence the political life of the Greek’s. They had small and independent communities within each of the regions and their surrounding mountains.
Little Fertile Farmland	Since there was so little farmland that was available and was able to be used, the Greek’s were never able to support a huge population due to the lack of food production.
Moderate climate	Their temperatures were never very cold, and also never very hot. So, this helped out with their outdoor life because the weather was always fine. This allowed the men to hold public outdoor events more often.
Mycenaean adaption of Minoan culture	When they met, the Myceneans found the value in trading over water or the seas. They then started making much more trades because they were able to trade with more people via the seas. The Minoans also helped influence the Mycenaeans religious practices, arts and politics.
The Trojan War	They were fighting over a Trojan prince who had kidnapped Helen, who was the beautiful wife of a Greek King. Lasted 10 years, They were fighting against Troy which was an independent trading city in Anatolia.
The Collapse of Mycenaean civilization	They collapsed shortly after the way against Troy and the Trojan Prince. There was sea raiders who attacked them, and they burned many of their cities.

Part 1

Term or Name	Significance
Mycenaean	the last phase of the Bronze Age in Ancient Greece, spanning the period from approximately 1600–1100 BC. It represents the first advanced, and distinctively Greek, civilization in mainland Greece
Trojan War	This eventually led to the collapse of the Mycenaean civilization, because shortly after the war they were sneak attacked by seamen and they weren’t ready coming back from another war
Dorian	They were a tribe that attacked the Mycenaeans and they were less advanced, but they were able to help the downfall of the Mycenaean civilization
Homer	to provide a common set of values that enshrined the Greeks' own ideas about themselves. His poems provided a fixed model of heroism, nobility and the good life to which all Greeks, especially aristocrats, subscribed
Epic	Long poems that recounted the heroic deeds, although the term has also been used to describe novels.
Myth	The leaders and the best people at the top of Greece were always looking over at everyone and watching over them

Part 2: I think the Dorians had the most effect on the Greeks because they were the ones involved in the war that happened right before the collapse of their civilization. Part 3: Since they were near all of the different seas, they were able to go on the water to s trade with other civilizations instead of just the ones they could get to on land. The seas that were surrounding them also helped link together Greece do that people always have a vast idea of where they are.
Part 4: This is when they were learning the importance of trading via the water so that they would be able to trade with more people and get better trades. This would therefor help lead them to be a more successful civilization especially when they were lacking natural resources, because they could earn them back by the trading. Part 5: Because the poems that were written were most of the time written about very famous and important people of their civilizations. These people were mostly either, famous, important, or did some form a heroic deed. Part 6:

The Code of Hammurabi

Lo1:Define Hammurabi, and Hammurabi's code
Hammurabi-the sixth king of the first dynasty of Babylonia, reigned 1792–1750 bc. He extended the Babylonian empire and instituted one of the earliest known collections of laws
Hammurabi's Code-The Code of Hammurabi was a comprehensive set of laws, considered by many scholars to be the oldest laws established; they were handed down four thousand years ago by King Hammurabi of Babylon
Lo2:Describe the historical significance of the code of Hammurabi
The Code of Hammurabi allows historians to take a look at daily life in ancient Babylon. It is particularly fair for its time as it demands for a trial by judges, rather than vigilante justice. It symbolizes not only the emergence of justice in the minds of men

Pyramids on the Nile

Lo1: Describe the geography of Egypt
Egypt relates to two regions: North Africa and Southwest Egypt has coastlines on the Mediterranean Sea, the River Nile, and the Red Sea. Egypt borders Libya to the west, the Gaza Strip to the northeast, and Sudan to the south.
Lo2: Discuss the role of Pharaoh in Egyptian society
One of the roles of the pharaoh was as an intermediary between the gods and the people. The pharaoh then deputized for the gods; his role was both as civil and religious administrator
Lo3: Identify the cultural and technological achievements of the Egyptians
One of the greatest cultural achievements of Ancient Egypt was undoubtedly in their architecture associated with religion. Temples, tombs and pyramids
The Egyptians invented and used many simple machines, such as the ramp and the lever, to aid construction processes

Homework:
Reading Guide

Question	Answer
Why is Narmer a legendary hero in ancient Egyptian history?	Narmer was the 32nd-century B.C. founder of Pharaonic Egypt and celebrated throughout the region's ancient period for uniting Upper and Lower Egypt
How did the role of Egyptian pharaohs differ from the role of Mesopotamian rulers?	Pharaohs were the gods whereas in Mesopotamia Rulers were representations of the gods. As a result of this, the Egyptians built great pyramids for their kings as they were expected to reign forever
Why did the Egyptians build great pyramids for their kings?	the pyramids were meant to shelter the pharaohs in the afterlife

Question	Answer
How did Egyptian religious beliefs compare with those of the Mesopotamians?	One major difference in the religious beliefs of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia was there belief in eternal life. Mesopotamians believed that once you died, you then ceased to exist in any world and there was no afterlife. On the contrary, Egyptians went to great lengths to preserve the dead in order for them to flourish in the afterlife
What social classes made up Egyptian society?	The social structure of ancient Egypt can be sorted into a social pyramid. At the top of the social pyramid was the pharaoh with the government officials, nobles and priests below him/her. The third tier consisted of the scribes and soldiers with the middle class in the fourth level.
What were significant achievements of the ancient Egyptians in science and technology?	The Egyptians invented and used many simple machines, such as the ramp and the lever, to aid construction processes. They used rope trusses to stiffen the beam of ships.
How did the Egyptian writing system compare with the Mesopotamian system?	Mesopotamians used a writing style called cuneiform that was different than the Egyptian writing style of Hieroglyphs

Homework Section Assignment
1)

Term or Name	Significance
Delta	Deltas' greatest importance to human activities, fish and wildlife lay in their characteristic highly fertile soil and dense, diverse vegetation.
Narmer	The unification of Egypt by means of the conquest of Lower Egypt by Upper Egypt.
Pharaoh	Monarchs of ancient Egypt from the First Dynasty
Theocracy	Theocracy is a form of government in which God or a deity of some type is recognized as the supreme ruling authority
pyramid	The pyramid always symbolizes bigger consciousness of strength and energy
mummification	Made a great impact on the amount of knowledge they had gained on the body. Mummification was very sacred in the lives of the Ancient Egyptians
hieroglyphic	Hieroglyphics was important to the Egyptians because it helped them state monuments
papyrus	The papyrus was a natural symbol of life itself and the primeval marsh from which all life came

2) I think the most important achievement was creating the lever and ramp because those two things are made into many different contraptions that may still be used today. Two simple things but they go a long way because they can make many different things
3)Being surrounded by deserts benefit Egypt in the fact that no one could attack or conquer them. no group could ever cross the Sahara to get to Egypt for they would die half-way in.
4)The Ancient Egyptians viewed their Pharaohs as a living god. They changed Pharaoh's when the last one died, his eldest son would inherit the throne
5)They use the Mummification because the Egyptians believed that when someone would die there soul would the there body.